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Pcr PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - Polymerase Chain Reaction Aims To understand the process of PCR and its uses. Starter - Match each term with its correct description (work in pairs) 10 February 2019
Slide 2 - What is it?
Slide 3 - Animations http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/pcr.html http://www.maxanim.com/genetics/PCR/pcr.swf
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Slide 6 - Information Polymerase chain reaction enables large amounts of DNA to be produced from very small samples (0.1ml) There is a repeating cycle of: separation of double DNA strands synthesis of a complementary strand for each
Slide 7 - What happens? Sample DNA , nucleotides, DNA primers & thermostable DNA polymerase placed in PCR machine. Strands of sample DNA separated by heating to 95oC Mixture cooled to 37oC to allow primers to bind. Mixture heated to 72oC for replication (optimum temp of DNA polymerase) Cycle repeats many times (~8mins /cycle)
Slide 8 - Problems Separation achieved by heating to 95oC – no suitable helicase DNA polymerase can’t work on completely single stranded DNA – double stranded regions needed at the start of sequence to be copied: primers (short sequences DNA) complementary to bases at start of region to be copied used To synthesize primers , base sequence at start must be known
Slide 9 - TTAACGGGGCCCTTTAAA.....…TTTAAACCCGGGTTT AATTGCCCCGGGAAATTT.....…AAATTTGGGCCCAAA the sequence of bases which ONLY flank a particular region of a particular organism's DNA, and NO OTHER ORGANISM'S DNA. This region would be a target sequence for PCR.
Slide 10 - The first step for PCR would be to synthesize "primers" of about 20 letters-long ONE primer exactly like the lower left-hand sequence, and ONE primer exactly like the upper right-hand sequence: TTAACGGGGCCCTTTAAA.....…TTTAAACCCGGGTT AATTGCCCCGGGAAATTT.......................> and: <........................................TTTAAACCCGGGTTT AATTGCCCCGGGAAATTT........AAATTTGGGCCCAAA
Slide 11 - DNA polymerase must be thermostable (37oC – 95oC used) to avoid fresh enzyme being added.
Slide 12 - Remember…. Nucleotides used must be very pure. DNA must not be contaminated - any foreign DNA would also be copied….PCR in legal cases in UK suspended at present
Slide 13 - Uses of PCR http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1993/illpres/already.html
Slide 14 - This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.