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Slide 1 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on
Slide 2 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence
Slide 3 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse
Slide 4 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000.
Slide 5 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder
Slide 6 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction.
Slide 7 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be
Slide 8 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989.
Slide 9 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser
Slide 10 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors
Slide 11 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease
Slide 12 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness
Slide 13 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs?
Slide 14 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement
Slide 15 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages
Slide 16 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works
Slide 17 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works
Slide 18 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters
Slide 19 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present
Slide 20 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present
Slide 21 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release
Slide 22 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory
Slide 23 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory
Slide 24 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That…
Slide 25 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That… We Have Evidence That These Changes Can Be Both Structural and Functional AND…
Slide 26 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That… We Have Evidence That These Changes Can Be Both Structural and Functional AND… Amph NAC Saline Source: Robinson & Kolb, Journal of Neuroscience, Volume: 1997 Structurally…
Slide 27 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That… We Have Evidence That These Changes Can Be Both Structural and Functional AND… Amph NAC Saline Source: Robinson & Kolb, Journal of Neuroscience, Volume: 1997 Structurally… DA D2 Receptor Availability Control Addicted Cocaine Alcohol DA DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA DA Drug Abuser Non-Drug Abuser Heroin Meth Dopamine D2 Receptors are Lower in Addiction DA Functionally…
Slide 28 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That… We Have Evidence That These Changes Can Be Both Structural and Functional AND… Amph NAC Saline Source: Robinson & Kolb, Journal of Neuroscience, Volume: 1997 Structurally… DA D2 Receptor Availability Control Addicted Cocaine Alcohol DA DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA DA Drug Abuser Non-Drug Abuser Heroin Meth Dopamine D2 Receptors are Lower in Addiction DA Functionally… Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine Abusers Normal Control Methamphetamine Abuser Motor Task Loss of dopamine transporters in the meth abusers may result in slowing of motor reactions. Memory task Loss of dopamine transporters in the meth abusers may result in memory impairment. Volkow et al., Am. J. Psychiatry, 2001.
Slide 29 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That… We Have Evidence That These Changes Can Be Both Structural and Functional AND… Amph NAC Saline Source: Robinson & Kolb, Journal of Neuroscience, Volume: 1997 Structurally… DA D2 Receptor Availability Control Addicted Cocaine Alcohol DA DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA DA Drug Abuser Non-Drug Abuser Heroin Meth Dopamine D2 Receptors are Lower in Addiction DA Functionally… Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine Abusers Normal Control Methamphetamine Abuser Motor Task Loss of dopamine transporters in the meth abusers may result in slowing of motor reactions. Memory task Loss of dopamine transporters in the meth abusers may result in memory impairment. Volkow et al., Am. J. Psychiatry, 2001. Implication: Brain changes resulting from prolonged use of drugs may compromise mental and motor functions
Slide 30 - Bringing the Full Power of Science to Bear on DRUGS NEUROTOXICITY AIDS CANCER MENTAL ILLNESS Medical Medical Addiction Social Economic Neurotoxicity AIDS, Cancer Mental illness Health care Productivity Accidents Homelessness Crime Violence 4 Out of 10 U.S. AIDS Deaths Are Related to Drug Abuse Estimated Economic Cost to Society from Substance Abuse and Addiction: Illegal drugs: $181 billion/year Alcohol: $185 billion/year Tobacco: $158 billion/year Total: $524 billion/year Surgeon General’s Report, 2004; ONDCP, 2004; Harwood, 2000. What is Addiction? Addiction is A Brain Disease Characterized by compulsive behavior The continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences A chronic, potentially relapsing disorder Advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental views of drug abuse and addiction. used to be Your Brain on Drugs Today 1-2 Min 3-4 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-20 20-30 YELLOW shows places in brain where cocaine binds (striatum) Front of Brain Back of Brain Fowler et al., Synapse, 1989. Healthy Heart Diseased Heart Decreased Heart Metabolism in Heart Disease Patient Diseased Brain/ Cocaine Abuser Addiction is Like Other Diseases… It is preventable. It is treatable It changes biology. If untreated, it can last a lifetime. Research supported by NIDA addresses all of these components of addiction Healthy Brain Decreased Brain Metabolism in Drug Abuser Addiction Involves Multiple Factors that starts in adolescence and childhood National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2003. Age Age Age at tobacco , alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.8% 5 5 10 10 15 15 21 21 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 % in each age group who develop first-time dependence first CANNABIS ALCOHOL TOBACCO Addiction Is A Developmental Disease Why Do People Take Drugs in The First Place? To feel good To have novel: feelings sensations experiences AND to share them To feel better To lessen: anxiety worries fears depression hopelessness Drugs of Abuse Engage Systems in the Motivation and Pleasure Pathways of the Brain Why Do People Abuse Drugs? addiction Reward & well-being motivation Dopamine movement Drugs are “Imposters” of Brain Messages Donald Bliss, MAPB, Medical Illustration The Neuron: How the Brain’s Messaging System Works dopamine transporters 0 50 100 150 200 0 60 120 180 Time (min) % of Basal DA Output NAc shell Empty Box Feeding Di Chiara et al., Neuroscience, 1999. FOOD Fiorino and Phillips, J. Neuroscience, 1997. Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 100 150 200 DA Concentration (% Baseline) Sample Number SEX Female Present Di Chiara and Imperato, PNAS, 1988 Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release Other neurotransmitter systems are also affected: But Dopamine is only Part of the Story Serotonin: mood regulation, sleep Glutamate: learning and memory Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways Science Has Generated Much Evidence Showing That… We Have Evidence That These Changes Can Be Both Structural and Functional AND… Amph NAC Saline Source: Robinson & Kolb, Journal of Neuroscience, Volume: 1997 Structurally… DA D2 Receptor Availability Control Addicted Cocaine Alcohol DA DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA Reward Circuits DA DA DA DA DA DA Drug Abuser Non-Drug Abuser Heroin Meth Dopamine D2 Receptors are Lower in Addiction DA Functionally… Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine Abusers Normal Control Methamphetamine Abuser Motor Task Loss of dopamine transporters in the meth abusers may result in slowing of motor reactions. Memory task Loss of dopamine transporters in the meth abusers may result in memory impairment. Volkow et al., Am. J. Psychiatry, 2001. Implication: Brain changes resulting from prolonged use of drugs may compromise mental and motor functions Circuits Involved In Drug Abuse and Addiction All of these must be considered in developing strategies to effectively treat addiction