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A Volcanoes PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics (part 2) “an opening in the Earth’s crust through which an eruption takes place”
Slide 2 - Volcanoes Three types Cinder Cones
Slide 3 - Cinder Cone
Slide 4 - Inside a Cinder Cone
Slide 5 - Cinder Cone Steep sloped sides (angles close to 40°) Relative to other volcanoes – small few hundreds of meters high Small explosive eruptions Made up of pyroclastic material (ash and tephra)
Slide 6 - Shield
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Slide 10 - Montserrat Volcano eruption
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Slide 12 - Shield Volcanoes The volcano have a very broad base, with gently sloping side (like a ‘shield’) Quiet eruptions Made up of layers of hot, mafic (basaltic) lava Hawaii is a good example of a shield volcano
Slide 13 - Composite
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Slide 15 - Mount Saint Helens May 15, 1980
Slide 16 - Mount Saint Helens May 18 1980
Slide 17 - Mount Saint Helens May 18, 1980 Eruption
Slide 18 - Mount Saint Helens May 18 1980
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Slide 20 - Mt. St. Helens devastation
Slide 21 - Mount Saint Helens September 10, 1980
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Slide 23 - Mount Saint Helens September 24, 1984
Slide 24 - Mount Saint Helens (from Spirit Lake) May 15, 1980
Slide 25 - Mount Saint Helens (from Spirit Lake) May 19,1982
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Slide 27 - Popocatepetl composite volcano in Mexico is on the Ring of Fire
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Slide 29 - Composite Volcanoes Steep sloped sides Very tall, 1000s of meters Very explosive eruptions, sometimes quiet eruptions (alternating for the most part) Made up of alternating layers of lava flows and silica rich (granitic) pyroclastic material. Mt. St. Helens is a good example of a composite volcano
Slide 30 - Volcanoes (cont.) Kinds of Eruptions: Quiet Shield Volcanoes – broad base, low angle slope Pillow lava – lava that occurs in mid-ocean ridges Basalt Plateaus – lava spreading evenly over a large area
Slide 31 - Volcanoes (cont.) Kinds of Eruptions: Rift Eruptions – Opening in the crust “spreading centers”: sea floor spreading (ocean) rift valley (continent) Lava ‘oozes’ out because of its mafic or basaltic composition
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Slide 33 - Areas of Volcanic Activity (kinds of eruptions) Same regions as Earthquakes, which often serve as warning signs that a volcanic eruption might occur. Ring of Fire – around the rim of Pacific Ocean, subduction zone Ocean Ridge system Hotspots
Slide 34 - Volcanoes (cont.) Kinds of Eruptions: Ring of Fire – Subduction boundary Eruptions – Cinder cones and Composite Volcanoes Explosive eruptions, usually young mountain chains – like around the Ring of Fire
Slide 35 - Hot Spots Hot Spots – a place in the mantle where great amounts of heat are rising through the lithosphere. Causes of Hot Spots are still unknown – the source of the heat or ‘spot’ remains in the same location while the plate moves over it. For example: Hawaii
Slide 36 - Hot Spots
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Slide 40 - Hot Spots
Slide 41 - Thermal signature of the Hawaiian Islands
Slide 42 - Plutonic – Igneous Rocks When masses of magma cools beneath the surface, it forms the cores of mountains. These ‘igneous intrusions’ are called Plutons. Plutons have different names depending on their size and shape
Slide 43 - Plutonic – Igneous Rocks Small intrusive igneous formations are: Dikes Sills Volcanic Necks Laccoliths…
Slide 44 - Plutonic – Igneous Rocks Laccolith – magma that buldges upward and formed dome mountains. (Henry Mountains, Utah and Black Hills, South Dakota) Batholith – a LARGE body (> 100 km3) of intrusive igneous rock. Forms the core of most mojor mountain ranges (Sierra Nevada) Stock – small batholith, less than100 km3
Slide 45 - Volcanoes
Slide 46 - Ruby Mountains Batholith
Slide 47 - La Paz Batholith
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Slide 50 - East side of Sierra Batholith
Slide 51 - Granite Dome - Texas
Slide 52 - The End
Slide 53 - Volcano Essential Questions What are the 3 types of volcanoes?  How do they differ in eruptive force, composition of magma, ejected material and cone structure? Identify 3 tectonic settings where volcanoes form; which type of volcano forms at these locations? Explain how the composition of magma affects volcanic eruptions. What are the 5 types of pyroclastic material? List 3 events that MAY signal a volcanic eruption. What are the different igneous intrusions associated with volcanoes?
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Slide 59 - For a Jolly Rancher of your choice… Send me an eMail with “Earth Science rocks my socks” in the title before the end of the volcano unit Only the first few will get this…. So don’t tell!!!!!!!!