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Slide 1 - SMOKING CESSATION METHODS NOT BASED ON SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Cengiz ÖZGE, Associate Professor. Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Department of Chest Disease
Slide 2 - Contents Introduction Electronic Cigarette Acupuncture and associated methods Hypnosis
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Slide 5 - Among Cigarette Smokers 70% wants to quit smoking. 35% seriosly attempted to quit in the last year. 80% previosly attempted to quit. 3% manages to quit in a year.
Slide 6 - Quit in a single setting Success more than 90% Refund of money is guarantee
Slide 7 - What is the scientific evidence ?
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Slide 9 - WHY ME ?
Slide 10 - Meta analysis Randomised controlled trials Cohort studies Case-control studies Case-report “Editorial”, clinical opinion...etc. animal studies, in vitro studies...etc. Evidence Pyramide
Slide 11 - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Slide 12 - Electronic cigarette
Slide 13 - Electronic cigarette A Commercial product of tobacco. Certified by the Ministry of Agriculture. Not designed for smoking cessation therapy. No presented scientific study.
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Slide 17 - Acupuncture Have a history of 3000 years. Have been in Europe since 1600ths. Chen-Chin : Needle-Heat Acus: Needle Punctura: Prick
Slide 18 - Acupuncture There are almost 1000 stimulation points in the human body. 650-700 of these points are being used. It is beleived that there is an acapunture point for every organ in the ear.
Slide 19 - Mechanisms of the effects of Acapuncture The body has two opposite energy called Yin and Yang working in synergy. This energy travels in the canals called meridians. If the balance fall off, an abnormaly ensues. Acapuncture helps to maintain this balance.
Slide 20 - Theory of five elements Wood,fire, earth, metal and water. All the phenomenon in the universe structurally meets these five elements. They are in a continuous movement and alteration. If this balance is falls off diseases ensue. Acapuncture maintains this balance
Slide 21 - Mechanisms of the effects of Acapuncture Endorphine Met-encephalin Serotonine Dopamine
Slide 22 - Fields of administration of acupuncture Cure of pain Apettite control and slimming Reduction of Stress Acceleration of metabolism. Treatment of allergy. Migrene and headache. Treatment of Insomnia. Cessation of smoking.
Slide 23 - Acupuncture Auricular acupuncture Moxibustion Acupressure Electro Acupuncture LASER Akapunktur Luxopuncture Bioresonance Moratherapy
Slide 24 - Moxibustion Application of heat to the acupuncture points instead of needles. Electro Acupuncture LASER Acupuncture Electric current LASER irradiation Acupressure Pressure application onto the acupuncture points.
Slide 25 - Luxopuncture Developed in France Condensed infra red light application to the acupuncture points.
Slide 26 - Bioresonance Moratherapy Plain electrode contact on the human skin at certain sites Electromagnetic vibration. Depends on the claim that faint low frequency vibrations carry knowledge.
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Slide 28 - R.I.S.E Reflection Instrument Scanning Electro-pulse I quit smoking (IQS) Beta-endorphine
Slide 29 - A meta-analysis of studies into the effect of acupuncture on addiction G TER RIET, J KLEIJNEN, P KNIPSCHILD British Journal of General Practice, 1990, 40, 379-382. Between 1963-1989 Total of 27 studies 15 of them for smoking cessation.
Slide 30 - A meta-analysis of studies into the effect of acupuncture on addiction G TER RIET, J KLEIJNEN, P KNIPSCHILD British Journal of General Practice, 1990, 40, 379-382.
Slide 31 - A meta-analysis of studies into the effect of acupuncture on addiction G TER RIET, J KLEIJNEN, P KNIPSCHILD British Journal of General Practice, 1990, 40, 379-382.
Slide 32 - A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in smoking cessationASHENDEN R, SILAGY CA, LODGE M, FOWLER G. Drug and Alcohol Review (1997) 16, 33-40 Have at least two therapy groups, Randomized No old (previous) control group is used. 9 studies are taken into consideration A total of 2707 patients.
Slide 33 - A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in smoking cessationASHENDEN R, SILAGY CA, LODGE M, FOWLER G. Drug and Alcohol Review (1997) 16, 33-40 Total (95% CI) OR: 1.48 (CI:1.13-1.48)
Slide 34 - A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in smoking cessationASHENDEN R, SILAGY CA, LODGE M, FOWLER G. Drug and Alcohol Review (1997) 16, 33-40 Acupuncture seems to be better according to the control group; *HOWEVER!! NOT better than the Sham acupuncture. ( OR:1.16 % 95 CI: 0.90-1.49)
Slide 35 - A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in smoking cessationASHENDEN R, SILAGY CA, LODGE M, FOWLER G. Drug and Alcohol Review (1997) 16, 33-40
Slide 36 - A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in smoking cessationASHENDEN R, SILAGY CA, LODGE M, FOWLER G. Drug and Alcohol Review (1997) 16, 33-40 All are self-reports, no CO measurements Only 4 studies have 12 months of follow up. 4 studies single-blind, 5 studies open. Studies are small. Methodological scores are low.
Slide 37 - Randomized controlled studies Acupuncture Acupressure LASER acupuncture Electrostimulation Sham acupuncture 24 studies were evaluated White AR, Rampes H, Campbell J. Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000009
Slide 38 - White AR, Rampes H, Campbell J. Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000009
Slide 39 - White AR, Rampes H, Campbell J. Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000009 No high quality studies about acupunture and associated applications are present No prominent dominancy in a year’s follow up. The effectivness that was seen in the early period was abated by the removal of a study which was conflicting with the homogenicity of the study.
Slide 40 - Alternative therapies for tobacco dependenceL.M. Villano, A.R. White / Med Clin N Am 88 (2004) 1607–1621
Slide 41 - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Auricular Acupuncture in Smoking CessationTa-Peng Wu, Fang-Pey Chen, Jui-Yao Liu, Ming-Hsien Lin, Shinn-Jang HwangJ Chin Med Assoc • August 2007 • Vol 70 • No 8
Slide 42 - ACUPUNCTURERESULT There are no scientific evidence for the effectivess of Acupuncture, Acupressure, LASER acupuncture and Electrostimulation to be used for the cessation of smoking.
Slide 43 - HYPNOSIS HYPNOSE: The name of the God of Sleeping in Greek Mythology. This is a state of bringing someone into a deeply sleeping like situation where his/her behaviour can be kept under control by another person.
Slide 44 - HİPNOZ A state of sleeping achieved by words, looks and suggestions. A person in this state (subject) is open to the suggestions and influences of the applying person but closed to the other stimulations from the surrounding.
Slide 45 - HypnosisHistory Before the holy books, sorcery and medicine were used together in religious ceremonied. In 1778 Dr.Franz Mesmer In 1847 for quitting tobacco In 1958 American Medical Association approved Medical hypnosis.
Slide 46 - HYPNOSISFields of Application-1 Depression Social phobia (zoophobia, acrophobia, hydrophobia) Tic disorders  Stammer  Enuresis nocturna, Psycological pain disorders.  Obesity Anorexia, Blumia  Alcohol and tobacco addiction  Panic attack.
Slide 47 - HYPNOSISFields of Application-2 Conversion Disorders  Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Psycologic Memory losses Sleep Disorders Bruxism Sexual Functional Disorders (Impotence, premature, ejaculation, vaginusmus) Onichophagia Obsession Personality Disorders
Slide 48 - HYPNOSISFields of Application-3 Psycological tremors Dyslexia Cure of chronic physical pain. Painless child delivery Trigeminal Neuralgia. Nervous Hypertension Asthma Allergic Skin Disorders. Psoriasis Treatment of the wharts. Migraine,  Attenuation of pain due to cancer  Treatment for the teeth without application of anesthesia.
Slide 49 - Hypnosis and Cessation of Smoking Its means of effect is not clear. Relaxation, Extreme suggestibility Hightened imagination proposed to act on the underlying impulses. Inhibition of the left cerebral hemisphere
Slide 50 - Hypnosis and Smoking Cessation 1st Session: Interview, understanding hypnosis, being hypnotized. 2nd and 3rd Session: Administering regression hypnotherapy to eliminite obstacles to quitting smoking; uncovering unconscious reason cousing smoking.4th. Session: Direct suggestion session(Changing unconscious patterns causing smoking. Replasing with new habits.) 5th Session: Ego strengthening hypnosis session (Strengthening positive emotions such as focusing on future, self-confidence self-esteem in the person who quitted smoking.) 6th Session: Learnig self-hypnosis and EFT techniques (Teaching daily techniques that will be used to preserve wellness consistently)
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Slide 52 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation (Review) Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J 1998, Issue 2 Last assessed as up-to-date: 15 February 2005. Between 1966-2005. 28 studies are found. appraisable 9 studies. 19 studies were excluded. Randomized. Follow up at least for 6 months.
Slide 53 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation (Review) Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J 1998, Issue 2 Last assessed as up-to-date: 15 February 2005.
Slide 54 - Exclusion Criteria . . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation (Review) Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J 1998, Issue 2 Last assessed as up-to-date: 15 February 2005.
Slide 55 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation (Review) Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J 1998, Issue 2 Last assessed as up-to-date: 15 February 2005.
Slide 56 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation (Review) Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J 1998, Issue 2 Last assessed as up-to-date: 15 February 2005.
Slide 57 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation (Review) Abbot NC, Stead LF, White AR, Barnes J 1998, Issue 2 Last assessed as up-to-date: 15 February 2005.
Slide 58 - Hypnosis for smoking cessation: A randomized trialTimothy P. Carmody, Carol Duncan, Joel A. Simon, Sharon Solkowitz,Joy Huggins, Sharon Lee, Kevin Delucchi Nicotine & Tobacco Research Volume 10, Number 5 (May 2008) 811–818 Total of 286 patients 2 grups: Hypnosis and behevioral counseling. HYPNOSIS:Face to face for 60 minutes, two seance. Behavioral counseling: Face to face for 60 minutes, two times and follow up by telephone on the 3rd, 4th, 6th, weeks.
Slide 59 - Hypnosis for smoking cessation: A randomized trialTimothy P. Carmody, Carol Duncan, Joel A. Simon, Sharon Solkowitz,Joy Huggins, Sharon Lee, Kevin Delucchi Nicotine & Tobacco Research Volume 10, Number 5 (May 2008) 811–818
Slide 60 - Hypnosis for smoking cessation: A randomized trialTimothy P. Carmody, Carol Duncan, Joel A. Simon, Sharon Solkowitz,Joy Huggins, Sharon Lee, Kevin Delucchi Nicotine & Tobacco Research Volume 10, Number 5 (May 2008) 811–818 CONCLUSION May be more effective if hypnosis and nicotine bands are concomittantly used. Future studies are necessary for the investigation of effectivness of such therapies.
Slide 61 - HİPNOZ CONCLUSION There are NO scientific evidence describing the effect of hypnosisi for the cessation of smoking!!!
Slide 62 - Allen Carr’s method Allen Carr’s Easyway removes the need and desire to smoke. No NRT No needles No LASER No drugs! No herbs No shock treatment NO Scientific Evidence!!
Slide 63 - There are no treatment methods with over 90% success rates in today’s practice. The only scientifically evident method of treatment is the Supportive Therapy with pharmacological therapy The pharmacological therapeutic agents whose effectivness are approved are: Nicotine replacement therapies, Bupropion and Varenicline.
Slide 64 - Thanks for your patients