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Conservation Biology PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - Chapter 38 Conservation Biology 0
Slide 2 - Saving the Tiger Tigers once roamed across Asia But the arrival of humans brought competition for food, and also hunters Myanmar tiger photographed by a remote “camera trap”
Slide 3 - Conservation efforts Are providing protection for tigers so their populations can increase The efforts to save tigers Reflect a worldwide struggle to preserve biodiversity, the diversity of living things Hukawng Valley, Myanmar
Slide 4 - We are now presiding over a biodiversity crisis A rapid decrease in Earth’s great variety of organisms Conservation biology Is a goal-driven science that seeks to counter the biodiversity crisis
Slide 5 - THE BIODIVERSITY CRISIS: AN OVERVIEW 38.1 Human activities threaten Earth’s biodiversity Biodiversity includes Genetic diversity, within and between populations Species diversity Ecosystem diversity Figure 38.1B
Slide 6 - Human activities Threaten diversity at all levels Figure 38.1A
Slide 7 - 38.2 Biodiversity is vital to human welfare Biodiversity, while valuable for its own sake Also provides food, fiber, medicines, and ecosystem services Figure 38.2
Slide 8 - 38.3 Habitat destruction, introduced species, and overexploitation are the major threats to biodiversity Introduced species Can disrupt communities by competing with or preying on native species Figure 38.3A
Slide 9 - Overexploitation of wildlife by harvesting Has threatened various animal and plant species Figure 38.3B
Slide 10 - CONNECTION 38.4 Pollution of the environment compounds our impact on other species Effects of pollution include Acid rain, ozone depletion, eutrophication, and dead zones
Slide 11 - Chemical pesticides May be concentrated by biological magnification Herring gull eggs 124 ppm Lake trout 4.83 ppm Smelt 1.04 ppm Zooplankton 0.123 ppm Phytoplankton 0.025 ppm Concentration of PCBs Figure 38.4
Slide 12 - CONNECTION 38.5 Rapid global warming could alter the entire biosphere Burning of fossil fuels Is increasing the amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the air CO2 concentration (ppm) Temperature variation (°C) 390 380 370 360 350 340 330 320 310 300 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1.05 0.90 0.75 0.60 0.45 0.30 0.15 0 –0.15 –0.45 –0.30 Temperature CO2 Year Figure 38.5A
Slide 13 - The increase of these gases in the atmosphere May lead to global warming Global warming: CO2 lets sunlight through but retains the heat radiated from Earth. CO2 in the atmosphere Human activities and natural processes add CO2 to the atmosphere, increasing the effect. Photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere, decreasing the effect. CO2 CO2 CO2 Figure 38.5B
Slide 14 - Global warming may Change climate patterns, melt polar ice caps, flood coastal regions Increase the rate of species loss Figure 38.5C
Slide 15 - CONSERVATION OF POPULATIONS AND SPECIES 38.6 Two ways to study endangered populations are the small-population approach and the declining-population approach Habitat degradation Often fragments populations, causing their numbers to decline Figure 38.6A, B
Slide 16 - The small-population approach Identifies the minimum viable population size and focuses on preserving genetic variation The declining-population approach Diagnoses and treats the causes of a population’s decline
Slide 17 - 38.7 Identifying critical habitat factors can guide conservation efforts Preserving critical habitat May help endangered species recover Figure 38.7A–C
Slide 18 - Conflicts may arise Between habitat preservation and resource use by humans
Slide 19 - MANAGING AND RESTORING ECOSYSTEMS 38.8 Sustaining ecosystems and landscapes is a conservation priority Conservation efforts Are increasingly aimed at sustaining ecosystems and landscapes
Slide 20 - Edges between ecosystems Have distinct sets of features and species Figure 38.8A, B
Slide 21 - The increased frequency and abruptness of edges caused by human activities Can increase species loss
Slide 22 - Movement corridors connecting isolated habitats May be helpful to fragmented populations Figure 38.8C
Slide 23 - 38.9 Protected areas are established to slow the loss of biodiversity Biodiversity hot spots Have large concentrations of endemic species Provide an opportunity to protect many species in very limited areas Equator Figure 38.9A
Slide 24 - Migratory species, both terrestrial and aquatic May require international protection Figure 38.9B
Slide 25 - CONNECTION 38.10 The Yellowstone to Yukon Conversation Initiative seeks to preserve biodiversity by connecting protected areas
Slide 26 - The Yellowstone to Yukon Conversation Initiative Is an international research and conservation effort that seeks to connect reserves and protect species and ecosystems Yellowstone to Yukon Ecoregion ALBERTA NORTHWEST TERRITORIES YUKON TERRITORY BRITISH COLUMBIA WASHINGTON OREGON IDAHO WYOMING MONTANA YELLOWSTONE TO YUKON CONSERVATION INITIATIVE LEGEND Major Highways Protected areas Y2Y Ecoregion 70 0 140 280 km Figure 38.10A
Slide 27 - Grizzly bears and gray wolves Are two species that may benefit from this initiative Figure 38.10B, C
Slide 28 - 38.11 The study of how to restore degraded habitats is a developing science Restoration ecology includes Study of bioremediation to detoxify polluted areas Figure 38.11A
Slide 29 - Biological augmentation to restore nutrients Figure 38.11B
Slide 30 - CONNECTION 38.12 The Kissimmee River project is a case study in restoration ecology Large-scale restoration projects Attempt to restore damaged landscapes
Slide 31 - The Kissimmee River Restoration Project Is restoring river flow and wetlands, and improving water quality and wildlife habitat Former canal Figure 38.12A, B
Slide 32 - 38.13 Zoned reserves are an attempt to reverse ecosystem disruption Zoned reserves Are undisturbed wildlands surrounded by buffer zones of compatible economic development
Slide 33 - Costa Rica Has established many zoned reserves Caribbean Sea Nicaragua Costa Rica National parkland Buffer zone Pacific Ocean Panama Figure 38.13A, B
Slide 34 - 38.14 Sustainable development is an ultimate goal Sustainable development Seeks to improve the human condition while conserving biodiversity Depends on increasing and applying ecological knowledge as well as valuing our linkages to the biosphere Figure 38.14