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Slide 1 - By: Jaspinder Singh Major Crops of India
Slide 2 - Rice It is the staple/ main food crop of a majority of the people in India. India is the second largest producer and consumer of rice in the world after China. It is a kharif Crop. It requires high temperature(above 25°C). It requires high humidity with annual rainfall between 100cm and 200cm. West Bengal is the largest rice producing state of India. Other states include U.P. ,A.P. and Punjab. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall
Slide 3 - Wheat This is the second most important cereal crop. It is the main food crop, in north and north-western part of the country. It is a Rabi Crop. It requires a cool growing season and a bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall. It requires 10 to 15 degree temperature during winter and 21 to 27 during summer. There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and black soil region of the Deccan. U.P. is the largest wheat producing state of India.
Slide 4 - Millets Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. These are known as coarse grains. They have very high nutritional value. For example, ragi is very rich in iron and calcium. Millets are short durational (3-4 months) warm weather grasses. These provide food for the poor people and fodder for the cattle.
Slide 5 - Jowar It is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production. It is a rain-fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs irrigation. In North India it is a Kharif Crop. In Southern India, it is sown as both Kharif and Rabi Crop. It requires 26 to 33 degree temperature. Major Bajra producing states are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana
Slide 6 - RAgi It is mainly grown in drier parts of South India and some parts of North India. Karnataka is the largest producer followed by Tamil Nadu. It requires temperature between 20 and 30 degree. It is a crop of dry regions. It is a rainfed crop.
Slide 7 - Bajra It is the second important millet crop. It is a rainfed crop. It requires temperature between 25 and 35 degree. Moderate sunlight after little rainfall is very useful in early stage of its growth. It is sown either as mixed crop with cotton or as a single crop. Major Bajra producing States are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana.
Slide 8 - Maize It is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It is a kharif crop. It requires temperature between 21°C and 27°C. In some states like Bihar, Tamil Nadu it is grown in Rabi Season also. It requires rainfall between 50-100cm. Major maize-producing states are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh etc.
Slide 9 - Pulses India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world. These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet. Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Major pulse producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.
Slide 10 - Sugarcane It is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate It requires a temperature of 21°C to 27°C It requires an annual rainfall between 75cm and 100cm. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane only after Brazil. The major sugarcane-producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
Slide 11 - Oil Seeds India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world. These cover 12 percent of the total cropped area of the country. There are Eight major oilseeds which include groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed, mustard, linseed, castor seed, sunflower and soyabean. Leading Producers are Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Groundnut is a kharif crop and accounts for about half of the major oilseeds produced in India. Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of groundnut. Castor seed is grown both as rabi and kharif crop.
Slide 12 - Oil Seeds Groundnut Sesamum Linseed Mustard Castor Seed Sunflower Soyabean
Slide 13 - Tea It is a plantation agriculture. It is believed to be indigenous to China. It is also an important beverage crop introduced in India initially by the British. It is a labour intensive crop. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. It requires temperature between 20 and 30 degree. It requires rainfall between 150-300 cm. Major tea producing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Slide 14 - Coffee India produces about four percent of the world’s coffee production. Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality. The Arabica variety initially brought from Yemen. This variety is in great demand all over the world. Initially its cultivation was introduced on the Baba Budan Hills(Karnataka) and even today its cultivation is confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Brazil is the largest producer of coffee.
Slide 15 - Horticulture Crops India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. India produces about 13 per cent of the world’s vegetables. Above said fruits are in great demand all over the world.
Slide 16 - Rubber It is an equatorial crop. It requires moist and humid climate. It requires rainfall more than 200 cm. It requires temperature above 25°C. Daily rain with strong sunshine is very important. The first rubber plantations in India were set up in 1895 on the hills of Kerala. India produces 9 % of total rubber in the world.(Rank 5th) Thailand is the largest producer. Kerala , Tamil Nadu , Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar are the rubber growing areas.
Slide 17 - Fibre Crops Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India. Cotton, jute, hemp are derived from the crops grown in the soil. Natural silk is obtained from cocoons of the silkworms fed on green leaves specially mulberry
Slide 18 - Cotton India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant. China is the largest producer. India is the second-largest producer of cotton in the world as per the latest ranking.(In NCERT Book, it is mentioned the third largest producer is India). It requires 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth. It requires temperature between 21 and 30 degree. It requires rainfall between 50 and 100cm. In other words , it requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation. It is a kharif crop. It requires 6 to 8 months to mature. Black Soil is good for its production. Gujarat is the leading cotton producing state of India.
Slide 19 - Jute It is known as the golden fibre. It is the second most important fibre crop of India next to cotton. High temperature is required during the time of growth. It requires temperature between 20 and 40 degree. It requires rainfall between 120 and 150cm. India is the largest producer of Jute. West Bengal is the largest producer of Jute followed by Bihar , Assam etc. Due to its high cost, it is losing market to synthetic fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon.
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