Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PowerPoint Presentation

Slide 1 -

POLYCYSTIC OVARIES IN TEENAGERS- HOW TO COPE UP? SURG LT CDR VAIDEHI THAKUR GYNAECOLOGIST INHS KALYANI

Slide 2 -

What is PCOS? Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a problem with hormones. Italian physician Antonio Vallisneri first described its symptoms in 1721.

Slide 3 -

What is PCOS? The imbalances in hormones typically show as Irregular menstrual cycles Features due to high androgens (including testosterone) in the body Multiple small cysts in the ovaries

Slide 4 -

What is PCOS? PCOS is very common. It affects 1 in 15 of reproductive age group (ages 15 to 44)

Slide 5 -

What is PCOS? The word “polycystic” means “many cysts”

Slide 6 -

What is PCOS? PCOS affects ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce estrogens and progesterons — hormones that regulate menstrual cycle. The ovaries also produce small amount of male hormones - androgens.

Slide 7 -

What are the symptoms? PCOS can cause VARIED symptoms If left untreated - significantly harms person’s overall health

Slide 8 -

What you might notice? Irregular cycles (8 /10) Infrequent (more common), frequent, unpredictable, or absent Periods may be very heavy or very light

Slide 9 -

What you might notice? PCOS have high testosterone(7/10) Facial and body hair (back, belly and chest) (Excess hair growth is called hirsutism) Acne - skin becomes oilier than usual and cause breakouts on areas like face, chest, and upper back.

Slide 10 -

What you might notice? • . MALE PATTERN BALDNESS- Hair on the scalp gets thinner and fall out. DARKENING OF THE SKIN- Dark patches of skin in body creases like neck, groin, under the breasts

Slide 11 -

What you might notice? Insulin resistance Obesity (abdominal) -80% Depression and anxiety Headaches (due to hormonal changes)

Slide 12 -

Why it happens: causes of PCOS Genetics Inflammation Insulin resistance Causes SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE UNHEALTHY DIET COMBO

Slide 13 -

How PCOS is diagnosed? History Blood tests for hormones and sugar - testosterone, thyroid hormone, prolactin, and tests of sugar metabolism. Pelvic ultrasound

Slide 14 -

How PCOS affects your body? Higher-than-normal androgen levels affect many aspects of health

Slide 15 -

How PCOS affects your body? Due to hormonal changes Symptoms like unwanted hair growth negatively affects emotions. Depression

Slide 16 -

How PCOS affects your body? Metabolic syndrome (80 % ) - overweight or obese Both obesity and PCOS increase risks for High blood sugar High blood pressure Low HDL (good) cholesterol High LDL (bad) cholesterol They increase the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke Metabolic syndrome

Slide 17 -

How PCOS affects your body? Causes repeated pauses in breathing during the night, which interrupt sleep. The risk for sleep apnea is 5 to 10 times higher in obese women with PCOS than in those without PCOS Sleep apnea

Slide 18 -

How PCOS affects your body? During menstruation, the uterine lining sheds. If no menstruation every month, the lining builds up. A thickened uterine lining can increase risk for endometrial cancer . Endometrial Cancer

Slide 19 -

How PCOS affects your body? Type 2 DM, Cardiovascular disease Obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment help reduces these risks significantly.

Slide 20 -

PCOS- How to cope up ? LIFESTYLE CHANGES SET THE GOALS SET THE RIGHT GOALS

Slide 21 -

Why is healthy lifestyle important in PCOS? LIFESTYLE CHANGES DIET EXERCISE WEIGHT LOSS

Slide 22 -

LIFESTYLE CHANGES Losing just 5 to 10 % of your body weight Helps regulate menstrual cycle Improves PCOS symptoms Improves cholesterol levels lowers insulin Reduce heart disease and diabetes risks. WEIGHT LOSS

Slide 23 -

LIFESTYLE CHANGES Low-carbohydrate diets and less sugar intake Weight loss and Lowers insulin levels. Low glycemic index diet Most Carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Helps regulate menstrual cycle better than regular weight loss diet DIET

Slide 24 -

LIFESTYLE CHANGES Exercise help women with PCOS lose weight. Losing weight with exercise improves -Ovulation -Insulin levels EXERCISE

Slide 25 -

LIFESTYLE CHANGES Help lose more weight than either intervention alone Lowers risks for diabetes and heart disease EXERCISE DIET

Slide 26 -

LIFESTYLE CHANGES Anxiety and depression improves with lifestyle changes

Slide 27 -

Set the Goals WEIGHT LOSS EXERCISE DIET

Slide 28 -

Set the Goals Initial goal - reduce body weight by approximately 10% from baseline. Weight loss should be about ½ kg to 1 kg /week Gradual for a period of 6 months Later approach based on the amount of weight lost. WEIGHT LOSS

Slide 29 -

Set the Goals Avoid crash diets It deprives body of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and nutrients that it needs to sustain itself. Will actually burn the muscle tissue to provide brain with sufficient energy to function. DIET

Slide 30 -

Set the Goals Physical activity is important 30 -45 minutes Moderate-intensity exercise 3-5 days a week EXERCISE

Slide 31 -

Set the Right Goals Setting the right goals is an important first step. Effective goals ATTAINABLE REALISTIC

Slide 32 -

Set the Right Goals Specific achievable forgiving If you are held with work one day Attainable Unachievable Specific and measurable Unspecific Fine goal

Slide 33 -

Watch What You Eat CHANGING EATING HABITS FOR LONG TERM SENSIBLE DIET

Slide 34 -

Watch What You Eat Low-calorie diets are recommended for weight loss For a weight loss of ½ kg to 1 kg /week, the daily intake should be reduced by 500 to 1,000 calories. A daily calorie intake of 1,000 to 1,200 calories will help most women lose weight safely. Reducing fat as part of a low-calorie diet is a practical way to reduce calories.

Slide 35 -

Watch What You Eat - TIPS Tips for sensible low calorie diet: Instead of frying foods, roast, bake or shallow-fry them. Microwave oven helps for easier, fatless cooking. DESSERTS SWEETS

Slide 36 -

Watch What You Eat - TIPS Or heat whichever milk you get - Refrigerate it for 24 hours - Remove malai from the surface - Strain the rest of milk - Use. WHEAT, RICE OATS,CORNMEAL BARLEY LOW FAT IMPORTANT NUTRIENTS FRUITS HEALTHIER, LOW CALORIES

Slide 37 -

Watch What You Eat- TIPS Changing the way you eat can help you to eat less and not feel deprived. Eating slowly will help feel more satisfied It takes 15 or more minutes for our brain to get the message that we’ve eaten Slowing the rate of eating allows to feel full sooner and, therefore, help eat less

Slide 38 -

Watch What You Eat - TIPS Using smaller plates helps to moderate portions so they don’t appear too small. Drinking at least 8–10 glasses of water each day will help feel full, possibly eat less, and benefit in other ways. Serving food from the kitchen instead of at the table - less tempted to eat more.

Slide 39 -

Move your Body

Slide 40 -

Physical Activity Physical activity should be an essential part of weight loss therapy and weight maintenance. Initially, Moderate levels of physical activity 30 to 45 minutes, 3 to 5 days per week should be encouraged. long-term goal Moderate intensity physical activity Atleast 30 minutes or more Most, preferably all, days of the week.

Slide 41 -

Physical Activity- TIPS of If you don't have time for 30 minutes of activity all at once, try breaking it up into three 10-minute sessions activity Use the stairs instead of an elevator. rest of Get off the bus one stop early and walk the the way Park your car at the far end of the parking lot and walk the extra distance.

Slide 42 -

Physical Activity-TIPS Swimming is a great exercise for entire body. Walk, bike or jog to see your friends. Take a 10-minute activity break every hour while you read, watch TV or while working on your computer. Play with kids. You will benefit from all the extra activity.

Slide 43 -

Moving Forward Weight management is a long-term challenge influenced by behavioral, emotional and physical factors.

Slide 44 -

Reward Success Rewarding on achievement of goals can encourage achievement of further goals. But Not with Food

Slide 45 -

Reward Success The rewards you choose may be material, e.g. A movie, A music CD, or Payment towards buying a larger item or An act of self-kindness (e.g. an afternoon off from studies).

Slide 46 -

Thank you

Slide 47 -

QUESTIONS 1] WHAT IS THE TRIAD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PCOS? 47 QUESTIONS

Slide 48 -

QUESTIONS 2] WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF PCOS ON ULTRASOUND? 48 QUESTIONS

Slide 49 -

QUESTIONS 3] WHAT ARE THE 3 KEYS OF LIFESTYLE CHANGES? 49 QUESTIONS

Slide 50 -

QUESTIONS 4] WHAT IS THE MINIMAL STANDARD FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR WEIGHT LOSS? 50 QUESTIONS

Slide 51 -

QUESTIONS 5] OVER HOW MUCH TIME SHOULD THE MEALS BE EATEN AND WHY? 51 QUESTIONS

Slide 52 -

QUESTIONS 6] HOW MUCH SHOULD BE THE AVERAGE WEIGHT LOSS IN ONE WEEK DURING WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMME? 52 QUESTIONS

Slide 53 -

53 Thank you