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Slide 1 - Cell Membranes Osmosis and Diffusion
Slide 2 - Functions of Membranes 1. Protect cell 2. Control incoming and outgoing substances 3. Maintain ion concentrations of various substances 4. Selectively permeable - allows some molecules in, others are kept out
Slide 3 - Phospholipid Bilayer
Slide 4 - Fluid Mosaic Model
Slide 5 - Blood-Brain Barrier Allows some substances into the brain, but screens out toxins and bacteria Substances allowed to cross include: water, CO2, Glucose, O2, Amino Acids, Alcohol, and antihistamines. HIV and bacterial meningitis can cross the barrier.
Slide 6 - Solutions Solutions are made of solute and a solvent Solvent - the liquid into which the solute is poured and dissolved. We will use water as our solvent today. Solute - substance that is dissolved or put into the solvent. Salt and sucrose are solutes.
Slide 7 - Methods of Transport Across Membranes 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated Diffusion 4. Active Transport
Slide 8 - Methods of Transport Across Membranes 1. Diffusion -passive transport - no energy expended 2. Osmosis - Passive transport of water across membrane 3. Facilitated Diffusion - Use of proteins to carry polar molecules or ions across 4. Active Transport- requires energy to transport molecules against a concentration gradient – energy is in the form of ATP
Slide 9 - Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Movement from one side of a membrane to another, un-facilitated
Slide 10 - Diffusion
Slide 11 - Osmosis
Slide 12 - Tonicity is a relative term Hypotonic Solution - One solution has a lower concentration of solute than another. Hypertonic Solution - one solution has a higher concentration of solute than another. Isotonic Solution - both solutions have same concentrations of solute.
Slide 13 - Plant and Animal Cells put into various solutions
Slide 14 - Types of Transport
Slide 15 - Today’s Lab We are using dialysis tubing as the cell membrane - It is selectively permeable The solute is either the eosin starch solution or the sugar solution What is the solvent?
Slide 16 - Membrane Permeability Solute is eosin-starch-chloride solution Solvent is Water Indicator for presence of starch is IKI Starch is made of amylose and amylopectin – amylopectin is insoluble Iodine is not very soluble in water, but with KI it forms a I3- (triiodine ion) which is soluble. I3- combines with the amylose and the starch molecule turns blue-black.
Slide 17 - Test for Starch Elmhurst College Website
Slide 18 - Test for Chloride ions Indicator for presence of chloride ions is silver nitrate, AgNO3 A white precipitate, AgCl, forms if chloride is present.
Slide 19 - Test for Sulfate ions Indicator for the presence of sulfate ions is Barium chloride, BaCl Barium sulfate, BaSO4 - forms a white precipitate BaCl + NaSO4 ----> BaSO4 + NaCl
Slide 20 - Living Cells Beet cubes will be used to see the result of boiling and adding alcohol to a live membrane. Yeast cells are used to see effects of heat Fern gametophytes are used to see result of putting live cells in solutions of varying tonicity
Slide 21 - Osmosis We will make an osmometer to see osmosis Sugar solution in a dialysis tube is used to simulate a cell membrane. Various concentrations of solute may be used around the room.
Slide 22 - This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.