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Genetic Crosses PowerPoint Presentation

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Genetic Crosses Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - Genetic Crosses Show possible outcomes of genes the new generation will have We use: Gene diagrams Punnett Squares
Slide 2 - Terminology Genotype Phenotype Parent Gamete Offspring dominant recessive allele
Slide 3 - Gene control of characteristics All characteristics are controlled by a minimum of 2 genes. These genes give the characteristic a different of presenting itself. Different genes that control the same feature are called ALLELES
Slide 4 - EYE COLOUR Possible alleles – blue , brown, green, hazel etc (each colour needs its own gene) It is possible to have pairs of different alleles, alleles are usually given a letter
Slide 5 - Genotype and phenotype Genotype is the letter or term used to describe the allele of an individual gene or pair of genes Phenotype – is how the gene (or pair) shows itself, how it appears.
Slide 6 - Dominance and recessiveness Some alleles for a feature are able to mask the influence of other (weaker) gene when they are paired Stronger gene is DOMINANT and is represented by a capital letter e.g. H The masked gene is RESSESIVE shown as lower case of the same letter e.g. h
Slide 7 - Gene diagram – Flower colour Genotype of alleles- R = red flower r = yellow flower All genes occur in pairs – so 2 alleles affect a characteristic – possible combinations are; genotype RR Rr rr Phenotype RED RED YELLOW
Slide 8 - Gene diagram – Flower colour Male female RR rr parent gamete R R r r Offspring genotype Rr Rr Rr Rr Phenotype All red
Slide 9 - Gene diagram – Flower colour Male female Rr Rr parent gamete R r R r Offspring genotype RR Rr Rr rr Phenotype Red yellow red red 3 red : 1 yellow
Slide 10 - Gene diagram – Flower colour Male female Rr rr parent gamete R r r r Offspring genotype Rr Rr rr rr Phenotype Red yellow yellow red Red 50% yellow 50%
Slide 11 - Punnett Square Another method of showing crosses
Slide 12 - Gamete genotypes are inserted Parent genotypes are inserted B=black b=white Bb male black bb white female B b b b What are the crosses Bb bb Bb bb 2 white and 2 black offspring 50:50 chance with these parents
Slide 13 - Question 2 black rats are mated, they have 13 offspring. All of which are black, what are the genotypes of the parents The male is re-mated with a white female, the offspring are 6 black and 7 white What were the genotypes of the original parents Rats have 2 coat colours – black B, white b. Both BB BB BUT one could be Bb Female BB Male Bb
Slide 14 - Remember think how lucky you are!
Slide 15 - This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.