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Women as Political Leaders-Can Quotas affect Attitudes PowerPoint Presentation

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Women as Political Leaders-Can Quotas affect Attitudes Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - Women as Political Leaders: Can Quotas Affect Attitudes? Rohini Pande Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy Harvard Kennedy School
Slide 2 - Women in Politics In July 2008, women accounted for 18.4 % of parliamentarians worldwide (IPU, 2008) In Arab Countries this number stood at 9.7% This disparity rarely reflects legal restrictions: Women can vote, women can support candidates, and women can run for office in almost every country In many countries, female voter turnout exceeds male turnout An important policy response has been gender quotas in politics: Over 100 countries have some form of political affirmative action
Slide 3 - Women in Politics
Slide 4 - Option 2 for graph
Slide 5 - Quotas can increase female leadership: What have we learned? Source: UNIFEM Progress of the World’s Women 2008
Slide 6 - What have we learned? Female leadership shifts policies towards those preferred by women (drinking water in India, healthcare in the US) Quotas can change voter attitudes towards women in leadership positions, and enhance future electoral success of women
Slide 7 - Evidence from India Most cultural norms in rural India discourage having women in leadership roles With co-authors I have exploited the randomized introduction of gender quotas for leadership in Indian village councils to examine changes in voter attitudes Male villagers don’t change their explicit or implicit preference for male leaders BUT they are much more likely to believe women can make effective leaders
Slide 8 - Evidence from India
Slide 9 - Implications Female leadership in politics is an important way of providing women a say in the policy process Cultural and social norms often lead to poor perceptions of whether women can lead effectively This can make initial entry of women into politics difficult However, voters are willing to learn – they update their beliefs after observing women lead Suggests public policy can play an important role in ensuring there is a first generation of female leaders