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Slide 1 - 1 The History of Aircraft Materials
Slide 2 - 2 The History of Aircraft Materials Questions to answer in this module… What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? Why were these materials adopted? Why did some materials replace others? What is the future for materials in aircraft?
Slide 3 - 3 1843 - Rubber Charles Goodyear – Vulcanization Tires Seals and gaskets
Slide 4 - 4 1903 - First flight - Wright Brothers Aluminum engine block Spruce & steel wire structure Fabric skin
Slide 5 - 5 1903 - Wright Brothers Why wood and wire structure? Why fabric skin?
Slide 6 - 6 1903 – Aluminum Engine Block Most internal combustion engines of the time were of cast iron construction
Slide 7 - 7 1907 – Plastic Leo Hendrik Baekeland – refines plastic production to create bakelite
Slide 8 - 8 1915 – All Metal Airplane Hugo Junkers Steel tubing Sheet iron skin
Slide 9 - 9 1916 - Stressed Skin Construction LFG Roland C.II
Slide 10 - 10 Stressed-Skin Construction Why stressed-skin? Skeleton-like space frame construction used for non-stressed skin aircraft.
Slide 11 - 11 1926 - Semi-Monocoque Construction Ford Tri-motor
Slide 12 - 12 Semi-Monocoque Construction Cutaway view semi-monocoque construction
Slide 13 - 13 1930’s – Increased Aluminum Use Duralumin and Alclad
Slide 14 - 14 1931 - Stainless Steel Construction Budd BB-1 Pioneer
Slide 15 - 15 Steel/ Stainless Steel vs. Aluminum So why not build all aircraft out of stainless steel? Corrosion resistance Weight Cost Buckling failure
Slide 16 - 16 1936 - Plastics Use Expands Plexiglas
Slide 17 - 17 1942 - Composites- Fiberglass Cockpit components for war effort
Slide 18 - 18 1940’s – 1950’s Superalloys Before World War II iron based alloys were developed for high temperture work. The war increased demand of performance materials for turbochargers and jets.
Slide 19 - 19 1950-1963 - Titanium The A-12 precursor to the SR-71
Slide 20 - 20 1969 - Carbon Fiber Composites Rolls-Royce RB211 jet turbofan engine
Slide 21 - 21 1970 – Boron Fiber Composites F-14 Tomcat
Slide 22 - 22 1981 - Ceramics Space Shuttle Thermal Protection Tiles
Slide 23 - 23 1998 - Aluminum-Lithium Space Shuttle external fuel tank
Slide 24 - 24 2005- GLARE “GLAss-Reinforced” Fiber Metal Laminate (FML)
Slide 25 - 25 2009 – Boeing 787 Dreamliner Large scale composite use
Slide 26 - 26 Future- Intelligent Materials Inbedded sensors and monitoring systems Materials change properties and configurations
Slide 27 - 27 Future- Nanotechnology Ultra-strength Composites Locally tailored materials for specific requirements
Slide 28 - 28 Summary What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? Why were these materials adopted? What is the future for materials in aircraft?