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Slide 1 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Prentice HallBiology
Slide 2 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 10-2 Cell Division
Slide 3 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major stages. The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis. The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is called cytokinesis. Cell Division
Slide 4 - Chromosomes Chromosomes Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next on chromosomes. Before cell division, each chromosome is duplicated, or copied.
Slide 5 - Chromosomes Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 6 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chromosomes Each chromosome consists of two identical “sister” chromatids. Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the centromere. Sister chromatids Centromere
Slide 7 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chromosomes When the cell divides, the chromatids separate. Each new cell gets one chromatid.
Slide 8 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Cell Cycle Cell Cycle The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. Interphase is the period of growth that occurs between cell divisions.
Slide 9 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Cell Cycle During the cell cycle: a cell grows prepares for division divides to form two daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again
Slide 10 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Cell Cycle The cell cycle consists of four phases: G1 (First Gap Phase) S Phase G2 (Second Gap Phase) M Phase
Slide 11 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Events of the Cell Cycle Events of the Cell Cycle During G1, the cell increases in size synthesizes new proteins and organelles
Slide 12 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Events of the Cell Cycle During the S phase, chromosomes are replicated DNA synthesis takes place Once a cell enters the S phase, it usually completes the rest of the cell cycle.
Slide 13 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Events of the Cell Cycle The G2 Phase (Second Gap Phase) organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced Once G2 is complete, the cell is ready to start the M phase—Mitosis
Slide 14 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Cycle Events of the Cell Cycle
Slide 15 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Mitosis Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases: (PMAT) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Slide 16 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Mitosis
Slide 17 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Section 10-2 Prophase Spindle forming Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Centromere Click to Continue Mitosis Prophase
Slide 18 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Prophase Prophase is the first and longest phase of mitosis. The centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus. Spindle forming Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)
Slide 19 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis The centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome. The centrosome helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. Spindle forming Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)
Slide 20 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelope breaks down. Spindle forming Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)
Slide 21 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Centriole Centriole Spindle Mitosis Click to Continue Metaphase Metaphase
Slide 22 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Metaphase The second phase of mitosis is metaphase. The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle. Centriole Spindle
Slide 23 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Individual chromosomes Anaphase Mitosis Anaphase
Slide 24 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Anaphase Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis. The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes. The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups. Individual chromosomes
Slide 25 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Mitosis Telophase
Slide 26 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis Telophase Telophase is the fourth and final phase of mitosis. Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape.
Slide 27 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitosis A new nuclear envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes.
Slide 28 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytokinesis Cytokinesis Cytokinesis
Slide 29 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytokinesis During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm pinches in half. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes
Slide 30 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytokinesis in Plants In plants, a structure known as the cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei. Cell wall Cell plate
Slide 31 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall (must have QuickTake software installed on the computer you are using for this presentation) - or - 10-2
Slide 32 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 10-2 The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide is called the cell cycle. mitosis. interphase. cytokinesis.
Slide 33 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 10-2 The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell is prophase. metaphase. anaphase. telophase.
Slide 34 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 10-2 Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same time as telophase. after telophase. during interphase. during anaphase
Slide 35 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 10-2 DNA replication takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle. G1 phase of the cell cycle. G2 phase of the cell cycle. M phase of the cell cycle.
Slide 36 - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 10-2 During mitosis, “sister” chromatids separate from one another during telophase. interphase. anaphase. metaphase.
Slide 37 - END OF SECTION