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Slide 1 - Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by NASA’s Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program
Slide 2 - LOCATION OF VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Slide 3 - ppt slide no 3 content not found
Slide 4 - Landsat 7 coverage (obtained over 3 different days)
Slide 5 - Mt. PINATUBO ERUPTIONS June 1991
Slide 6 - Prior to eruption
Slide 7 - Fumaroles on flanks, April 1991
Slide 8 - June 12th, 1991 eruption
Slide 9 - Giant pyroclastic flows, June 15th 1991 form off of collapsing eruption column
Slide 10 - The view from space via the Japanese GMS-5 geostationary satellite
Slide 11 - Early effects on the ground
Slide 12 - Sediment-laden rivers destroy roads & bridges
Slide 13 - Major landscape changes: Pyroclastic flows in-filled pre-existing river valleys (the peaks in two views below are the same feature)
Slide 14 - AIR PHOTOS
Slide 15 - Summit caldera of Mt. Pinatubo, Nov. 1999. The low-point in the rim is a future hazard as the lake will eventually over-top here.
Slide 16 - Typical view of eastern flank, Nov. 1999
Slide 17 - Erosion of ignimbrite fan on NW. flank, November 1999
Slide 18 - Erosion of river valley on the northern flank, Nov. 1999
Slide 19 - Sediment fills valley floor downslope on lower E. flank November 1999
Slide 20 - Detail of lahar-filled valley E. flank, Nov. 1999
Slide 21 - GROUND PHOTOS
Slide 22 - Exploring eroded valley, SW flank Nov. 1999
Slide 23 - Crossing the sediment-laden streams is a real challenge! So much sediment is in these streams that they easily knock you over.
Slide 24 - Valley erosion can be extreme in places: Up to 20 m down-cutting during one typhoon! This mosaic shows the remains of the 1991 deposit (white unit) that has been cut by younger flash floods
Slide 25 - Erosion within the 1991 deposit
Slide 26 - Erosion of 1991 deposit
Slide 27 - Amazing landscapes!
Slide 28 - Vegetation is starting to grow back on western fan. Summit of Mt. Pinatubo in background
Slide 29 - “LAHARS” (MUDFLOWS) AND THE RESULTANT DAMAGE
Slide 30 - Major changes in valley floor elevation after single lahar has formed after typhoon.
Slide 31 - The impact on villages within the path of a lahar can be extreme
Slide 32 - While old houses are buried, new homes are built on stilts to try to avoid the next lahar
Slide 33 - An old church has been partially-buried so that you now enter on the 2nd floor. Ronnie Torres shows the church prior to the lahars.
Slide 34 - Giant dikes made from old lahar and covered with concrete now try to protect areas from new lahars
Slide 35 - The contrast between areas protected by the dikes and unprotected is striking -- and it’s all an issue of insurance for redevelopment!
Slide 36 - Some homes, once buried by lahar, and now being exposed by recent erosion
Slide 37 - REMOTE SENSING DATA
Slide 38 - Landsat 7 Path 116 Row 50
Slide 39 - RADARSAT radar backscatter image of Mt. Pinatubo, February 1998
Slide 40 - SPOT image of Mt. Pinatubo December 1991
Slide 41 - RADARSAT radar backscatter image of western fan of Mt. Pinatubo
Slide 42 - Clark Air Base: RADARSAT standard beam data set (25 m/pixel)
Slide 43 - SPOT data of Mt. Pinatubo summit area soon after the eruption
Slide 44 - Comparison of NW Summit from SPOT data obtained between 1991 and 1998 Red shows vegetation, the ash deposits are light blue Summit is at lower right
Slide 45 - Changes in Mt. Pinatubo lahar deposits. Lower Pasig-Potrero River 1991 - 1996
Slide 46 - ERS-1 radar backscatter image of Pasig-Potrero River showing low-backscatter lahar deposits
Slide 47 - Shaded relief image of lahar fans SE of Mt. Pinatubo summit from NASA TOPSAR topographic data
Slide 48 - Nighttime Landsat 7 thermal data of Mt. Pinatubo shows warm streams
Slide 49 - TAAL VOLCANO (just south of Manila)
Slide 50 - ppt slide no 50 content not found
Slide 51 - RADARSAT scansar beam 1 (50 m/pixel) image of Taal Volcano and surrounding area
Slide 52 - Space Shuttle radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) multi-wavelength (3, 5.6 and 24 cm) image of northern part of Taal Volcano
Slide 53 - View of Lake Taal and Volcano Island from north rim, Nov. 1999
Slide 54 - NW corner of Lake Taal
Slide 55 - Over 4,000 people live without permission on the shores of Volcano Island
Slide 56 - In the event of an eruption of Taal, all the population would have to leave Volcano Island via small boats
Slide 57 - View of the volcanic lake in middle of Volcano Island (middle of Lake Taal)
Slide 58 - In Fall 1999, this vent on Volcano Island was actively geysering. It was quiet in November 1999.
Slide 59 - Close-up view of recently active vent on Volcano Island, in the middle of Taal Volcano
Slide 60 - Even around the rim of Lake Taal, people and their fish farms are at risk from tsunamis generated by eruptions.