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Findings in Child Abuse PowerPoint Presentation

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Slide 1 - Findings in Child Abuse Reena Desai, MIV
Slide 2 - Child Abuse Includes physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and neglect Nearly 1.4 million children are victimized each yr. 160,000 suffer from serious injuries and 1200 children die each yr. Risk factors include the following: low income households, mutiple children, single mother, etc…
Slide 3 - H&P red flags Most common injuries include bruises, bites, burns, fractures, head trauma, and abdominal trauma Story of injury inconsistent with physical findings Unexplained injuries to buttocks, thighs, torso, ears, and neck Lesions in various stages of healing
Slide 4 - Diagnostic imaging Skeletal survey CT MRI Bone Scan
Slide 5 - Bone Injuries High specificity : Fractures to metaphysis, posterior ribs, scapula, spinous process, and sternum Moderate specificity: Mult. Fractures, fractures of different ages, epiphyseal separations, vertebral body fractures and subluxations, digital fractures, complex skull fractures
Slide 6 - Bone Injuries Low specificity: Subperiosteal new bone formation, clavicular fractures, long bone shaft fractures, and linear skull fractures
Slide 7 - Tools to evaluate Bone injuries Up to 2 yrs of age- skeletal survey w/ follow up survey in two weeks w/ possible bone scan. 5+ yrs.- Radiographs based on clinical findings
Slide 8 - Skeletal Survey Appendicular Skeleton Humeri (AP) Forearms (AP) Hands (Oblique and PA) Femurs (AP) Lower Legs (AP) Feet (AP)
Slide 9 - Skeletal Survey Axial Skeleton Thorax (AP and lateral), to include thoracic spine and ribs Abdomen, lumbosacral spine, and bony pelvis (AP) Lumbar spine (lateral) Cervical Spine (lateral) Skull (frontal and lateral) AP = anteroposterior;  PA = posteroanterior
Slide 10 - Metaphyseal Fractures
Slide 11 - Tibia Bucket Handle fracture
Slide 12 - Posterior rib fractures
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Slide 14 - Multiple Fractures
Slide 15 - 8 mo. old infant presenting to ED with history of having fallen from changing table
Slide 16 - Humeral Shaft Fracture
Slide 17 - 20 mo. Infant presenting with shoulder pain who wouldn’t move arm
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Slide 20 - Skull/ Brain injuries Skeletal survey to show skull fractures CT w/o contrast for acute injuries MRI is more sensitive than CT for detecting contusions, traumatic venous thrombosis, and older injuries Common injuries include cerebral contusions and subdural hematomas
Slide 21 - Cerebral Edema
Slide 22 - 7 mo. old infant presenting with seizures and loss of consciousness
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Slide 26 - Abdominal Injuries Commonly caused by blunt trauma Use CT first Other follow up studies may be necessary Common injuries include hematomas of the duodenum and jejunum Other injuries include liver lacerations and pancreatitis.
Slide 27 - Liver injury
Slide 28 - Duodenal Hematoma