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FEEDING ANIMALS (Georgia Agriculture Education) Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - FEEDING ANIMALS AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office July, 2002
Slide 2 - REASONS WHY ANIMALS NEED FEED MAINTENANCE GROWTH REPRODUCTION LACTATION WORKING OTHER PRODUCTS AND USES
Slide 3 - WAYS ANIMALS USE NUTRIENTS TO MAINTAIN THEMSELVES Used to keep the body warm Replace old cells Run the internal organs For body movement
Slide 4 - SIX TYPES OF MATERIALS THAT PROVIDE NUTRIENTS CARBOHYDRATES: Major sources are corn, oats, hay, soybean oil meal and grain sorghum. FATS: Meat scraps, tankage, cottonseed and fish meal are examples. PROTEIN: Tankage, soybean meal, legume hay, blood meal, feather meal, fish meal and skim milk.
Slide 5 - TYPES OF MATERIALS (CONT.) MINERALS: Eighteen minerals are needed by animals;six are macrominerals. Includes calcium, salt, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and sulfur. VITAMINS: Vitamins A,D, and the B vitamins are most important in animals. WATER: Most important of all nutrients. A market hog is 40% water; newborn calf is 70% water.
Slide 6 - TWO GENERAL CLASSES OF FEEDSTUFFS ROUGHAGES: Feedstuffs that are high in fiber and low in energy. Examples include hay, green pasture grasses and legumes and silage. CONCENTRATES: Feed that are low in fiber and high in energy. Examples are corn, oats, wheat, meat scraps, blood meal, soybean meal and urea.
Slide 7 - DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENT A digestible nutrient is the part of a feedstuff that can be digested, or broken down. Fiber in roughage is not easily digested. Ruminants and horses are efficient users of roughage.
Slide 8 - TERMS RATION: The total amount of feed an animal gets in a 24 hour period. BALANCED RATION: A ration that provides all of the nutrients needed by the animal in the right amount and proportion. DIET: Type and amount of feed and water an animal eats.
Slide 9 - THREE TYPES OF ROUGHAGE FOR ANIMALS PASTURE- Land where grasses and other plants grow for animals to graze. HAY- Made of the leaves and stems of plants that have been cut and dried for feed. SILAGE- Made from cut green plants by chopping them into small pieces and placing the “chop” in a silo.
Slide 10 - EXAMPLES OF GRAIN CONCENTRATES Grains are high in TDN but do not provide a balanced ration. Examples include corn, oats, wheat and grain sorghum. Corn is the most widely used grain.
Slide 11 - SOURCES OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS Protein supplements are high in TDN and high in protein. Three types: Animal - meat scraps and tankage, blood meal, fish meal, and skim milk. Plant- soybean oil meal, cotton seed meal and various grain by-products. Synthetic- Urea, molasses, rice hulls, and citrus pulp treated with ammonia.
Slide 12 - FEED ADDITIVES Placed in feed while it is being manufactured to preserve it and enhance growth of the animals. Medications Wormers Marketing enhancement Antioxidants
Slide 13 - IMPLANTS AND INJECTIONS Implants involve placing solid materials under the skin. Injections involve using hypodermic needles and syringes to get a substance into the body system of an animal. Examples are BST to increase milk production in dairy cows and fish may be injected to encourage spawning.
Slide 14 - FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SELECTING FEED FOR ANIMALS NUTRIENT CONTENT PALATABILITY FREE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS VARIETY BULKINESS COST FEED STORAGE
Slide 15 - THREE FORMS IN WHICH ROUGHAGE IS FED BALES LOOSE CHOP PELLETS AND WAFERS
Slide 16 - WAYS CONCENTRATES ARE MADE INTO FORMS OF FEED CRACKING AND ROLLING GRINDING EXTRUDING
Slide 17 - WAYS SUPPLEMENTS ARE PREPARED BLOCKS- Salt or mineral block LIQUIDS- Molasses MIXES- Salt, protein sources and other materials