X

Download Computer Networking PowerPoint Presentation

SlidesFinder-Advertising-Design.jpg

Login   OR  Register
X


Iframe embed code :



Presentation url :

Home / Computers & Web / Computers & Web Presentations / Computer Networking PowerPoint Presentation

Computer Networking PowerPoint Presentation

Ppt Presentation Embed Code   Zoom Ppt Presentation

PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Computer Networking powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. This helps you give your presentation on Computer Networking in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.

The uploader spent his/her valuable time to create this Computer Networking powerpoint presentation slides, to share his/her useful content with the world. This ppt presentation uploaded by onlinesearch in Computers & Web ppt presentation category is available for free download,and can be used according to your industries like finance, marketing, education, health and many more.

About This Presentation

Computer Networking Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - 15-744: Computer Networking L-1 Intro to Computer Networks
Slide 2 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 2 Outline Administrivia Whirlwind tour of networking
Slide 3 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 3 Who’s Who? Professor: Srinivasan Seshan http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~srini srini@cmu.edu Office hours: Wed 1:30-2:30pm TA: Amit Manjhi manjhi@cs.cmu.edu Office hours: Mon 3:00-4:00pm Course info http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~srini/15-744/F02/
Slide 4 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 4 Objectives Understand the state-of-the-art in network protocols, architectures and applications Understand how networking research is done Teach the typical constraints and thought process for networked systems How is class different from undergraduate networking (15-441) Training network programmers vs. training network researchers
Slide 5 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 5 Web Page Check regularly!! Course schedule Reading list Lecture notes Announcements Assignments Project ideas Exams Student list
Slide 6 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 6 Course Materials Research papers Links to ps or pdf on Web page Combination of classic and recent work ~40 papers Optional readings Recommended textbook For students not familiar with networking Peterson & Davie 2nd edition 2 copies on reserve Kurose & Ross (preferably 2nd edition) I have some spare (1st ed) that I can lend out
Slide 7 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 7 Grading Homework assignments Problem sets & hands-on assignments (15%) Hand-ins for readings (10%) Class participation (5%) 2 person project (30%) Midterm exam (20%) Final (2nd Midterm) exam (not cumulative) (20%)
Slide 8 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 8 Waitlist & HW 0 HW 0 – due next Thursday in class If you are trying to add class HW 0 is due on Tuesday in class I will email enrollment decisions by next Friday
Slide 9 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 9 Outline Administrivia Whirlwind tour of networking
Slide 10 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 10 What is the Objective of Networking? Communication between applications on different computers Must understand application needs/demands Traffic data rate Traffic pattern (bursty or constant bit rate) Traffic target (multipoint or single destination, mobile or fixed) Delay sensitivity Loss sensitivity
Slide 11 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 11 Four Steps to Networking Communicating across a link Connecting together multiple links (internetworking) Finding and routing data to nodes on internetwork Matching application requirements
Slide 12 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 12 A First Step Creating a link between nodes Link: path followed by bits Wired or wireless Broadcast or point-to-point (or both) Node: any device connected to a link
Slide 13 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 13 Types of Links Point-to-Point Multiple Access …
Slide 14 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 14 Packet Transmission Modes Unicast Transmission to single specific receiver Broadcast Transmission to all network nodes Multicast Transmission to specific subset of nodes Anycast Transmission to one of a specific subset of nodes
Slide 15 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 15 Switched Network What are Switched Networks? Switch: moves bits between links Packet switching Circuit switching
Slide 16 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 16 Back in the Old Days…
Slide 17 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 17 Then Came TDM… Multiplex (mux) Demultiplex (demux) Synchronous time division multiplexing
Slide 18 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 18 TDM Logical Network View
Slide 19 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 19 Packet Switching (Internet) Packets
Slide 20 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 20 Packet Switching Interleave packets from different sources Efficient: resources used on demand Statistical multiplexing General Multiple types of applications Accommodates bursty traffic Addition of queues
Slide 21 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 21 Statistical Multiplexing Gain 1 Mbps link; users require 0.1 Mbps when transmitting; users active only 10% of the time Circuit switching: can support 10 users Packet switching: with 35 users, probability that >=10 are transmitting at the same time < 0.0017
Slide 22 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 22 Characteristics of Packet Switching Store and forward Packets are self contained units Can use alternate paths – reordering Contention Congestion Delay
Slide 23 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 23 Internet[work] Second Step: Internet[work] A collection of interconnected networks Host: network endpoints (computer, PDA, light switch, …) Router: node that connects networks Internet vs. internet
Slide 24 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 24 Challenge Many differences between networks Address formats Performance – bandwidth/latency Packet size Loss rate/pattern/handling Routing How to translate between various network technologies
Slide 25 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 25 Third Step: How To Find Nodes? Internet Computer 1 Computer 2
Slide 26 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 26 Naming Humans use readable host names E.g. www.cmu.edu Globally unique (can correspond to multiple hosts) Naming system translates to physical address E.g. DNS translates name to IP Address (e.g. 128.2.11.43) Address reflects location in network
Slide 27 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 27 Domain Name System What’s the IP address for www.cmu.edu? It is 128.2.11.43 DNS server address manually configured into OS Local DNS Server Computer 1
Slide 28 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 28 Packet Routing/Delivery Each network technology has different local delivery methods Address resolution provides delivery information within network E.g., ARP maps IP addresses to Ethernet addresses Local, works only on a particular network Routing protocol provides path through an internetwork
Slide 29 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 29 Network:Address Resolution Protocol Ethernet Broadcast: who knows the Ethernet address for 128.2.11.43? Ethernet Unicast: Yes, it is 08-00-2c-19-dc-45
Slide 30 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 30 Internetwork: Datagram Routing R R R R R H H H H R R H R Routers send packet to next closest point H: Hosts R: Routers
Slide 31 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 31 Routing Forwarding tables at each router populated by routing protocols. Original Internet: manually updated Routing protocols update tables based on “cost” Exchange tables with neighbors or everyone Use neighbor leading to shortest path
Slide 32 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 32 Fourth Step: Application Demands Reliability Corruption Lost packets Flow and congestion control Fragmentation In-order delivery Etc…
Slide 33 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 33 What if the Data gets Corrupted? Internet GET windex.html GET index.html Solution: Add a checksum Problem: Data Corruption 0,9 9 6,7,8 21 4,5 7 1,2,3 6 X
Slide 34 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 34 What if Network is Overloaded? Problem: Network Overload Short bursts: buffer What if buffer overflows? Packets dropped Sender adjusts rate until load = resources Called “congestion control” Solution: Buffering and Congestion Control
Slide 35 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 35 What if the Data gets Lost? Internet GET index.html Problem: Lost Data Internet GET index.html Solution: Timeout and Retransmit GET index.html GET index.html
Slide 36 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 36 Problem: Packet size Solution: Fragment data across packets What if the Data Doesn’t Fit? On Ethernet, max IP packet is 1.5kbytes Typical web page is 10kbytes GET inde x.ht ml GET index.html
Slide 37 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 37 Solution: Add Sequence Numbers Problem: Out of Order What if the Data is Out of Order? GET x.ht inde ml GET x.htindeml GET index.html ml 4 inde 2 x.ht 3 GET 1
Slide 38 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 38 Network Functionality Summary Link Multiplexing Routing Addressing/naming (locating peers) Reliability Flow control Fragmentation Etc….
Slide 39 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 39 What is Layering? Modular approach to network functionality Example: Link hardware Host-to-host connectivity Application-to-application channels Application
Slide 40 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 40 Protocols Module in layered structure Set of rules governing communication between network elements (applications, hosts, routers) Protocols define: Interface to higher layers (API) Interface to peer Format and order of messages Actions taken on receipt of a message
Slide 41 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 41 Layering Characteristics Each layer relies on services from layer below and exports services to layer above Interface defines interaction Hides implementation - layers can change without disturbing other layers (black box)
Slide 42 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 42 Layering Host Host Application Transport Network Link User A User B Layering: technique to simplify complex systems
Slide 43 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 43 Layer Encapsulation Get index.html Connection ID Source/Destination Link Address User A User B
Slide 44 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 44 Protocol Demultiplexing Multiple choices at each layer FTP HTTP TFTP NV TCP UDP IP NET1 NET2 NETn … TCP/UDP IP IPX Port Number Network Protocol Field Type Field
Slide 45 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 45 E.g.: OSI Model: 7 Protocol Layers Physical: how to transmit bits Data link: how to transmit frames Network: how to route packets Transport: how to send packets end2end Session: how to tie flows together Presentation: byte ordering, security Application: everything else
Slide 46 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 46 OSI Layers and Locations Switch Router Host Host Application Transport Network Data Link Presentation Session Physical
Slide 47 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 47 Example: Transport Layer First end-to-end layer End-to-end state May provide reliability, flow and congestion control
Slide 48 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 48 Example: Network Layer Point-to-point communication Network and host addressing Routing
Slide 49 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 49 Is Layering Harmful? Sometimes.. Layer N may duplicate lower level functionality (e.g., error recovery) Layers may need same info (timestamp, MTU) Strict adherence to layering may hurt performance
Slide 50 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 50 Class Coverage No coverage of physical and data link layer Students expected to know this Focus on network to application layer We will deal with: Protocol rules and algorithms Investigate protocol trade-offs Why this way and not another?
Slide 51 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 51 Lecture Topics Traditional Layering Internet architecture Routing (IP) Transport (TCP) Queue management (FQ, RED) Naming (DNS) Recent Topics Multicast Mobility Active networks QOS Security Network measurement Overlay networks P2P applications
Slide 52 - L -1; 9-11-02 © Srinivasan Seshan, 2002 52 Next Lecture: Design Considerations How to determine split of functionality Across protocol layers Across network nodes Assigned Reading [Cla88] Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols [SRC84] End-to-end Arguments in System Design [Cla02] Tussle in Cyberspace: Defining Tomorrow’s Internet