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Slide 1 - Anxiety Disorders WEB
Slide 2 - Anxiety as a Normal and an Abnormal Response Some amount of anxiety is “normal” and is associated with optimal levels of functioning. Only when anxiety begins to interfere with social or occupational functioning is it considered “abnormal.”
Slide 3 - The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns Fear Panic Anxiety Anxiety Disorder
Slide 4 - The Bell Curve
Slide 5 - An Important Law- The Yerkes Dodson Law
Slide 6 - Another Bell Curve- Courtesy of Our Good Buddies Yerkes-Dodsen
Slide 7 - Phobic Disorders Phobias Specific phobias Social phobia Agoraphobia
Slide 8 - Specific Phobias
Slide 9 - Specific Phobias Psychosocial causal factors Genetic and temperamental causal factors Preparedness and the nonrandom distribution of fears and phobias Treating specific phobias
Slide 10 - Social Phobia General characteristics Fear of being in social situations in which one will be embarrassed or humiliated
Slide 11 - Social Phobia Interaction of psychosocial and biological causal factors Social phobias as learned behavior Social fears and phobias in an evolutionary context Preparedness and social phobia
Slide 12 - Social Phobia Interaction of psychosocial and biological causal factors Genetic and temperamental factors Perceptions of uncontrollability Cognitive variables
Slide 13 - Panic Disorder With and Without Agoraphobia Panic disorder Panic versus anxiety Agoraphobia Agoraphobia without panic
Slide 14 - Panic Disorder Prevalence and age of onset Comorbidity with other disorders Biological causal factors The role of Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Slide 15 - Panic and the Brain
Slide 16 - Panic Disorder Genetic factors Cognitive and behavioral causal factors Interoceptive fears
Slide 17 - Panic Disorder: The Cognitive Theory of Panic
Slide 18 - Panic Disorder: The Cognitive Theory of Panic Perceived control and safety Anxiety sensitivity as a vulnerability factor for panic Safety behaviors and the persistence of panic Cognitive biases and the maintenance of panic
Slide 19 - Treating Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Medications Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments
Slide 20 - Generalized Anxiety Disorder General characteristics Prevalence and age of onset Comorbidity with other disorders
Slide 21 - Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Psychosocial Causal Factors The psychoanalytic viewpoint Classical conditioning to many stimuli The role of unpredictable and uncontrollable events A sense of mastery: immunizing against anxiety
Slide 22 - Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Biological Causal Factors Genetic factors A functional deficiency of GABA Neurobiological differences between anxiety and panic
Slide 23 - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessions- repetitive unwanted ideas that the person recognizes are irrational Compulsions- repetitive, often ritualized behavior whose behavior serves to diminish anxiety caused by obsessions
Slide 24 - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Prevalence and age of onset Characteristics of OCD Types of compulsions Comorbidity with other disorders
Slide 25 - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Psychosocial Causal Factors Psychoanalytic viewpoint Behavioral viewpoint The role of memory Attempting to suppress obsessive thoughts
Slide 26 - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Biological Causal Factors Genetic influences Abnormalities in brain function The role of serotonin
Slide 27 - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Critical Component Symptoms occurs AFTER a traumatic stressor
Slide 28 - Symptoms Categories Intrusive distressing recollections dreams flashbacks psychological trigger reactions physiological trigger reactions
Slide 29 - Symptoms Categories Avoidance avoid thoughts, feelings or discussions avoid activities, places memory blocks anhedonia (without pleasure) numb alexithymia (emotions unknown) feeling of doom
Slide 30 - Symptom Categories Hyperarousal Symptoms sleep disturbance anger problems concentration startle response “on guard” hypervigilence
Slide 31 - Diagnoses Acute Stress Disorder new to DSM-IV (1994) symptoms 2 days to 4 weeks following traumatic event PTSD new to DSM-III (1980) symptoms beyond 4 weeks delayed onset
Slide 32 - Who Is Vulnerable? All ages Both genders Across Cultures and ethnic groups
Slide 33 - Some Stats Andrews, Wahlberg, Montgomery (1993)
Slide 34 - Employment
Slide 35 - Depression
Slide 36 - Types of Traumas Natural earthquakes floods fires Human induces war crimes of violence
Slide 37 - Co-Morbid Diagnoses Alcoholism 75% for Vietnam Veterans with PTSD Depression 77% of firefighters with PTSD also have depression Generalized Anxiety Panic Attacks