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Slide 1 - Chapter 19 Agents Affecting Blood Clotting
Slide 2 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 2 Blood Clotting Thromboemboli Cause many deaths per year Anticoagulants Prevent the formation of coagulants
Slide 3 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 3 Anticoagulant Agents Inhibit the formation of clots Heparin Found in mast cells Action Inhibit the clotting process
Slide 4 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 4 Heparin Heparin action Indirectly interferes with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin The deficiency of thrombin prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin (continues)
Slide 5 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 5 Heparin Destroyed if given orally Administered via IV infusion No intramuscular injections Administered subcutaneously Longer acting form No intramuscular injections (continued)
Slide 6 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 6 Heparin: Side Effects Hemorrhage Allergy Antidote Protamine sulfate Caution Do not administer to clients with coagulation disorders
Slide 7 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 7 Low Molecular Weight Anticoagulant Related to heparin Minor risk for bleeding Does not affect the action of thrombin in the clotting cascade (continues)
Slide 8 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 8 Low Molecular Weight Anticoagulant Example: enoxaparim (Lovenox) (continued)
Slide 9 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 9 Oral Anticoagulants Warfarin (Coumadin) Inhibits blood clotting by interfering with the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors Close client monitoring Dosage is individualized International normalized ratio
Slide 10 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 10 Antiplatelet Agents Action: inhibit the aggregation of platelets Treat clients who have had cerebrovascular accidents or myocardial infarctions
Slide 11 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 11 Antiplatelets Examples Aspirin Abciximab (ReoPro) Clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix)
Slide 12 - Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 12 Thrombolytic Agents Action Convert plasminogen to enzyme fibrinolysin; fibrinolysin dissolves clots Example Streptokinase (IV) Caution Hemorrhage