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Mutation PowerPoint Presentation

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Mutation Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - Mutation Higher Biology
Slide 2 - Mutation Change in structure or amount of an organism’s genetic material Change in genotype produces change in phenotype = mutant 2 types of mutation Chromosome mutation Change in structure of one chromosome
Slide 3 - Chromosome mutations Change in chromosome number Non-disjunction in meiosis Non-disjunction of sex chromosomes Complete non-disjunction and polyploidy
Slide 4 - Non-disjunction during meiosis Spindle fibre fails during meiosis Members of one pair of homologous chromosomes fail to become separated 2 gametes receive extra copy of affected chromosome 2 gametes lack that chromosome
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Slide 6 - Down’s Syndrome Non-disjunction in chromosome 21 Occurs in human egg mother cell One or more abnormal eggs formed (n = 24) Fertilised by normal sperm (n = 23) Formation of abnormal zygote (2n = 47)
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Slide 9 - Non dis-junction of sex chromosomes
Slide 10 - Turner’s syndrome Gamete with no sex chromosomes fuses with normal X gamete Zygote has chromosome complement 2n = 45 Individuals are female and short in stature Infertile because ovaries haven’t developed normally
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Slide 12 - Klinefelter’s syndrome XX egg fertilised by normal Y sperm or Normal X egg is fertilised by an XY sperm Zygote has chromosome complement 2n = 47 (44 + XXY)
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Slide 14 - Always male Normally infertile Cannot produce sperm
Slide 15 - Complete non-disjunction and polyploidy All the spindle fibres in a gamete mother cell fail All homologous pairs fail to become separated Production of abnormal diploid gametes Each contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes instead of one
Slide 16 - Polyploidy Fertilisation of abnormal gametes Formation of mutant plants which possess complete extra sets of chromosomes This type of chromosome mutation is called polyploidy
Slide 17 - A: the strawberry plant is exposed to a chemical B: due to the effect of chemical, total non-disjunction at meiosis produces diploid gametes(2n) C: two diploid gametes fuse at fertilisation D: a new plant develops which has four sets of chromosomes (4n)
Slide 18 - Economic significance Polyploid plants are larger than diploid relatives Increased seed and fruit size Many commercially developed crop plants are polyploid -apples -strawberries -tomatoes -wheat Give greater yields
Slide 19 - Effects of polyploidy Uneven sets of chromosome -polyploidy plants are sterile Produce seedless fruit Increase in vigour Resistance to disease
Slide 20 - This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
 

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