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Immune System PowerPoint Presentation

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Immune System Presentation Transcript

Slide 1 - Biology 2201 Unit 3 – Dynamic Equilibrium Section 6- Immune System
Slide 2 - What is Immunity?
Slide 3 - Immunity Immunity The ability of the body to fight infection and/or foreign invaders by producing antibodies or killing infected cells. Immune System The system in the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis by recognizing harmful from nonharmful organisms and produces an appropriate response.
Slide 4 - Foreign Invaders Called Pathogens Viruses, bacteria or other living thing that causes disease/immune response. Antigens Toxins that pathogens produce that cause harm to an organism.
Slide 5 - Parts of the Immune System Blood - White Blood Cells in particular. Lymph nodes Thymus Gland – Produces T Lymphocytes Bone Marrow – Produces B Lymphocytes
Slide 6 - How does the body fight infection/foreign invaders? The Body’s THREE lines of Defense First Line of Defense – The Skin Provides Physical and Chemical barriers Physical – hard to penetrate, made of indigestible keratin Chemical – tears, sweat
Slide 7 - Second Line of Defense – Nonspecific Immune Response These are defenses the body uses no matter what the invader may be. These defenses include: Phagocytosis – done by Macrophages Natural Cell Killers Inflammation - caused by release of Histamine from leukocytes Fever – caused by histamines. The fever (high temp) kills invaders by denaturing their proteins. Macrophage: A phagocytic cell found in the liver, spleen, brain and lungs. Travels to all areas of the body to find and eat pathogens.
Slide 8 - ppt slide no 8 content not found
Slide 9 - This is a specific response to a specific pathogen/antigen. The response involves the creation of Antibodies. Third Line of Defense – Specific Immune Response
Slide 10 - Antibodies Y-shaped protein molecule. Made up of variable and constant regions. Made up of Heavy and Light chains. Produced by B-Lymphocytes Function: Recognize antigens, bind to and deactivate them. Note: Variable region recognizes the anitgens.
Slide 11 - How an antibody operates/works? Deactivation of a bacterium by an antibody.
Slide 12 - The Pathway of Specific Immune Response
Slide 13 - ppt slide no 13 content not found
Slide 14 - Cellular Immunity .vs. Antibody Immunity Carried out by T-Cells Infected cells are killed by Cytotoxic T –Cells. Carried out by B-cells Antibodies are produced and dumped into blood stream. Antibodies bind to antigens and deactivate them. Cellular Immunity Antibody or Humoral Immunity
Slide 15 - Immune Response Explained Antigen infects cells. Macrophage ingests antigen and displays portion on its surface. Helper T- Cell recognizes antigen on the surface of the macrophage and becomes active. Active Helper T-Cell activates Cytotoxic T-Cells and B-Cells. Cytotoxic T-Cells divide into Active Cytotoxic T-cells and Memory T – Cells. Active Cytotoxic T-Cells kill infected cells. At the same time, B-Cells divide into Plasma Cells and Memory B- Cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies that deactivate pathogen. Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the response if the same antigen reappears. Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens have been destroyed.
Slide 16 - Immune Response Summary Displays copy of antigen on surface of cell Cellular Immunity Antibody Immunity
Slide 17 - Primary .vs. Secondary Immune Response Primary Immune Response This is a response to an invader the First time the invader infects the body. No measurable immune response for first few days. Next 10 – 15 days antibody production grows steadily Secondary Immune Response A more rapid response to an invader the 2nd time it invades the body. Antibody production increases dramatically and in a much shorter time period..
Slide 18 - Primary .vs. Secondary Immune Response
Slide 19 - Passive .vs. Active Immunity Active Immunity This is immunity where the body is “actively” producing antibodies to fight infection. Ex: You have a throat infection and you are actively creating antibodies to fight it. Vaccination: An injection of a weakened strain of an infectious microbe (pathogen) that causes the body to undergo active immunity (produce antibodies). Passive Immunity This is immunity where antibodies are given to a person from the blood of another person or animal. This immunity only lasts for a short period of time. ex: Breastfeeding mothers pass antibodies to their children through the milk.
Slide 20 - Autoimmune Disease Autoimmune diseases are diseases where the immune system begins to attack itself. Ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis – crippling disease of the joints. Lupus – disease of blood and organs. Multiple Sclerosis – disease of nervous system Cause(s): unknown Cures/Treatments: No known cures. Usually treated with drugs.
Slide 21 - Allergies Allergy - An exaggerated response by the immune system to an allergen. Allergen: a normally harmless substance that causes an allergic reaction. ex: dust, pollen, mould, food, insect stings Types of Allergic reactions There are two types of allergic reactions. a. Immediate – occurs within seconds and normally lasts for about 30 mins. b. Delayed – takes longer to react and can last for a much longer time.
Slide 22 - What happens during an allergic reaction? During an allergic reaction antibodies cause histamines to be released from certain cells. Histamines cause: a. Swelling of tissues b. Release of fluids (runny noses and eyes) c. muscle spasms (some cases) Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock: This is the sudden and severe allergic reaction to a substance that can cause death. Treatments for Allergies Avoidance of material – especially food. Epinephrine – “epi – pen” Antihistamines -- benadryl
Slide 23 - Homework Complete STSE – “What is Cancer?” (Scriptum) Complete Q’s 1,2,4,6,7 on page 386 MHR
Slide 24 - This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
 

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